基于GIS的“一带一路”地区气温插值方法比较研究     

杨艳昭  郎婷婷  张超  贾琨 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):867-876

“一带一路”倡议是新时期中国为加强对外开放提出的全球化合作倡议,资源环境的优化配置对全球化发展意义重大。气温作为重要的基础数据和输入要素,对其进行空间化处理是实现大尺度区域资源环境优化配置的前提。本文基于地理信息技术（GIS）,运用距离平方反比法（IDS）、协同克里格法（CK）、回归距离平方反比法（RIDS）和回归协同克里格法（RCK）,对“一带一路”地区1980—2017年的2679个气象站点的月平均气温和年平均气温数据进行插值,获得了“一带一路”地区10 km分辨率的气温空间分布数据。交叉验证结果表明：① IDS、CK、RIDS和RCK插值法在整体上均较好地展示了“一带一路”地区气温的地理空间分布规律,4种插值方法的月均气温的均方根误差分别在1.93~2.43、1.78~2.14、1.31~2.23和1.23~1.92 ℃之间;年均气温的均方根误差分别为1.94、1.83、1.37和1.27 ℃;② 在“一带一路”地区,加入协变量分析的CK插值精度整体优于IDS,并且削弱了IDS的极值现象;③ RIDS和RCK对年均气温的插值精度分别较IDS和CK提高了29.4%和30.6%,表明加入地理要素并进行残差修正的插值精度得到了进一步提高。总体来看,RCK插值法对气温数据的插值精度最高,可以考虑将此方法作为“一带一路”地区温度等气象要素的插值方法。  相似文献   

冀中坳陷中部现今热岩石圈厚度及地热学意义探讨     

崔悦  朱传庆  邱楠生  唐博宁  郭飒飒 《地质学报》2020,94(7):1960-1969

热岩石圈厚度是研究盆地的构造演化和板块动力学的重要参数,本文通过实测数据构建地壳分层模型,根据热传导的基本原理,计算了冀中坳陷中部的Moho面温度以及热岩石圈厚度,并探讨其地热学意义。结果表明:冀中坳陷中部的Moho面温度分布在500～600℃,西南侧整体温度较东北部高,热岩石圈厚度介于102～122km,其平面展布特征与华北克拉通热岩石圈厚度西厚东薄的特征相吻合,为华北克拉通受太平洋板块西向俯冲导致东部遭受破坏提供了依据,并且较薄的岩石圈使热流更易传导到地壳浅部,成为了该地区热异常的成因背景。  相似文献   

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing-Shenfu Area     

TAO Chuanqi  WANG Yanbin  LI Yong  NI Xiaoming  GAO Xiangdong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):399-408

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.  相似文献   

榍石LA-SF-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及对结晶和封闭温度的指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵令浩  曾令森  詹秀春  胡明月  袁继海  孙冬阳  张立飞 《岩石学报》2020,36(10):2983-2994

榍石富含U、Th，贫Pb，是U-Pb定年的理想矿物之一。本文采用激光剥蚀-高分辨等离子体质谱建立榍石U-Pb定年方法，采用25~30μm激光斑束，准确测定榍石U-Pb标准样品BLR-1（~1048Ma）、OLT-1（~1014Ma）和Pakistan（~21.4Ma），以及年轻榍石样品（<100Ma）U-Pb年龄，提高了检测准确性和空间分辨率。综合对比共生锆石和榍石U-Pb年龄、榍石颗粒微量元素和U-Pb年龄环带及不同成分岩浆岩（SiO₂含量48.1%~77.0%）中岩浆榍石的结晶温度，结果表明：岩浆演化过程中，榍石具有宽泛的结晶温度（600~900℃，峰值~750℃），主要集中于岩浆演化中晚期结晶，榍石U-Pb同位素封闭温度接近或略低于锆石，因此同一岩浆体系中锆石与榍石的年龄差异可能反映了该熔体较晚达到榍石饱和，而非熔体热演化历史或封闭温度信息。  相似文献   

吉林省集安市马蹄沟晶质石墨矿地质特征及找矿标志     

李先先  沈济篷  赵久悦 《吉林地质》2020,39(1):66-68,78

吉林省集安市马蹄沟晶质石墨矿位于吉林省集安市财源乡马蹄沟一带,文章对该矿床地层、构造、岩浆岩等地质特征及矿床成因进行研究,认为赋存于古元古界集安群荒岔沟组的晶质石墨与硼铁建造、含磷透辉石建造、铀-稀土建造等相应矿床均属于海底火山喷发沉积变质、岩浆热液作用的层控矿床,马蹄沟晶质石墨矿成因类型为沉积变质型晶质石墨矿床。总结该地区晶质石墨矿的找矿标志。  相似文献   

High‐Precision,High‐Accuracy Oxygen Isotope Measurements of Zircon Reference Materials with the SHRIMP‐SI     

Janaína N. vila  Trevor R. Ireland  Peter Holden  Peter Lanc  Andrew Latimore  Norm Schram  John Foster  Ian S. Williams  Liane Loiselle  Bin Fu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):85-102

Analytical protocols for SHRIMP‐SI oxygen isotope analysis (δ¹⁸O) of a suite of zircon reference materials (RMs) are presented. Data reduction involved a robust estimate of uncertainties associated with the individual spot as well as for groups where the spot data are combined. The repeatability of δ¹⁸O measurements is dependent on both the analytical conditions and the choice of the primary reference material. Under optimised conditions, repeatability was often better than 0.4‰ (2s) allowing sample uncertainties to be obtained to better than 0.2‰ (at 95% confidence limit). Single spot uncertainty combined the within‐spot precision with the scatter associated with repeated measurements of the primary zircon reference material during a measurement session. The uncertainty for individual spots measured under optimised conditions was between 0.3 and 0.4‰ (at 95% confidence). The analytical protocols described were used to assess a variety of zircon RMs that have been used for geochronology and for which laser fluorination oxygen isotope data are available (Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG and Ple?ovice), as well as zircons that have been used as RMs for trace element or other types of determination (Mud Tank, Monastery, 91500, AS57, AS3, KIM‐5, OG1, SL13, CZ3 and several other Sri Lankan zircons). Repeated analyses over nine sessions and seven different mounts show agreement within analytical uncertainty for Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG, Ple?ovice and 91500, when normalised to Mud Tank. For existing ion microprobe mounts with these materials, an appropriate δ¹⁸O can be determined. However, care should be taken when using zircons from the Duluth Complex (i.e., FC1, AS57 and AS3) as reference materials as our data indicated an excess scatter on δ¹⁸O values associated with low‐U zircon grains.  相似文献   

中国陆相油页岩含油率与总有机碳的响应机理     

贾建亮  刘招君  孟庆涛  孙平昌  徐进军  柳蓉  白悦悦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):368-377

为了建立稳定可靠的利用油页岩总有机碳预测含油率的模型，揭示中国陆相不同成因类型油页岩含油率与总有机碳的内在关系极其重要。通过不同类型盆地油页岩钻井取心测试的关键参数，结合沉积学、有机地球化学、热模拟等学科技术，探讨油页岩含油率与总有机碳的响应机理。结果表明：不同盆地类型与沉积背景下发育的油页岩含油率与总有机碳质量分数均呈现良好的正相关性（R²=0.81~0.97）；中国陆相油页岩的成因类型进一步划分为5种类型，制约着含油率与总有机碳的内在关系；油页岩的升温加热模拟呈现3个失重阶段（温度<150、300~550、600~750℃），明确了含油率与总有机碳参数的物理意义；相同类型盆地与沉积背景下形成的油页岩具有相近的母质生源组合，从而具有大致相当的再生烃效率。中国陆相油页岩成因类型的细划、含油率与总有机碳物理意义的明确、油页岩再生烃能力的分析，有助于理解中国陆相油页岩含油率与总有机碳的内在响应关系。  相似文献   

建筑物侧面轮廓线约束的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物高度估算方法     

陈辉  张卡  宿东  王蓬勃 《测绘通报》2019,(9):34-37,72

针对现有利用阴影长度法提取建筑物高度时存在的阴影间相互遮挡问题，提出了一种基于建筑物侧面轮廓线进行建筑物高度估算的新方法。首先，利用RPC模型计算建筑物像点位移的方向与卫星成像角度，再将遥感影像进行旋转，使建筑物像点位移沿水平方向；然后，利用Canny算法进行轮廓检测，并构建一定长度的矩形形态学结构元素，对轮廓图像进行形态学开运算，以提取侧面轮廓线，再利用Hough变换与建筑物角点约束，对所提取的轮廓线进一步筛选；最后，根据卫星侧视成像时建筑物高度与像点位移的几何关系进行建筑物的高度估算。利用实际的高分辨率卫星影像对本文方法进行了验证，并与阴影法估算建筑物高度进行了对比。试验结果证明，利用建筑物侧面轮廓线进行建筑物高度估算平均误差可以达到0.7 m，且实际精度优于使用阴影法进行建筑物高度估算。  相似文献   

机载激光点云中高压电塔自动识别方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘洋  杨必胜  梁福逊 《测绘通报》2019,(1):34-38

提出了一种基于格网特征的机载激光点云高压电塔自动识别方法。首先对机载激光点云数据进行滤波去噪处理；然后对点云数据进行规则格网化特征分析获得高压电塔粗识别区域；最后对粗识别区域进行外接邻域网格线性特征悬空点集检测以确定电塔识别结果，并以分层切片法分析获取电塔平面中心坐标。采用大型无人机实际线路巡检获取的机载点云数据对本文算法进行验证，试验结果表明本算法可实现高压电塔的快速自动识别，对无人机电力巡检智能诊断具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

Access routes to high mountain huts facing climate-induced environmental changes and adaptive strategies in the Western Alps since the 1990s     

Jacques Mourey  Ludovic Ravanel  Christophe Lambiel  Joël Strecker  Mattia Piccardi 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(4):215-228

ABSTRACT

In the European Alps, high mountain environments are subject to major impacts resulting from climate change, which strongly affect human activities such as mountaineering. The purpose of the study was to examine changes in access routes to 30 high mountain huts in the Western Alps since the 1990s. Data were derived from the use of two different methods, geo-historical studies and a questionnaire, and were used to identify both the climate-related processes affecting the climbing routes and the strategies implemented by public entities, Alpine clubs, guide companies, and hut keepers to maintain acceptable safety and technical conditions. The case studies revealed issues affecting three access routes and the results from the questionnaire showed that the main processes affecting access routes were loss of ice thickness and retreat from the front of the glaciated areas. Commonly, in situ equipment was installed to facilitate access for mountaineers and/or a part of a route was relocated to a safer area. The authors conclude that in most cases, the measures were effective but they were limited by financial, ethical and legal issues, especially in protected or classified areas that could jeopardise their durability and effectiveness.  相似文献